Repositorio UNIB: Documentos donde el Tema es "Materias

Advancing Nutritional Science: Contemporary Perspectives on Diet’s Role in Metabolic Health and Disease Prevention.

Betalains: The main bioactive compounds of Opuntia spp and their possible health benefits in the Mediterranean diet.

Can alpha‐linolenic acid be a modulator of “cytokine storm,” oxidative stress and immune response in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?

Can the phenolic compounds of Manuka honey chemosensitize colon cancer stem cells? A deep insight into the effect on chemoresistance and self-renewal.

Carotenoids Intake and Cardiovascular Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Determinación de e. Coli, hongos y levaduras en la harina proveniente de las cascarillas de dos variedades de cacao en Ecuador.

Mango is one of the most beloved fruits and plays an indispensable role in the agricultural economies of many tropical countries like Pakistan, India, and other Southeast Asian countries. Similar to other fruits, mango cultivation is also threatened by various diseases, including Anthracnose and Red Rust. Although farmers try to mitigate such situations on time, early and accurate detection of mango diseases remains challenging due to multiple factors, such as limited understanding of disease diversity, similarity in symptoms, and frequent misclassification. To avoid such instances, this study proposes a multimodal deep learning framework that leverages both leaf and fruit images to improve classification performance and generalization. Individual CNN-based pre-trained models, including ResNet-50, MobileNetV2, EfficientNet-B0, and ConvNeXt, were trained separately on curated datasets of mango leaf and fruit diseases. A novel Modality Attention Fusion (MAF) mechanism was introduced to dynamically weight and combine predictions from both modalities based on their discriminative strength, as some diseases are more prominent on leaves than on fruits, and vice versa. To address overfitting and improve generalization, a class-aware augmentation pipeline was integrated, which performs augmentation according to the specific characteristics of each class. The proposed attention-based fusion strategy significantly outperformed individual models and static fusion approaches, achieving a test accuracy of 99.08%, an F1 score of 99.03%, and a perfect ROC-AUC of 99.96% using EfficientNet-B0 as the base. To evaluate the model’s real-world applicability, an interactive web application was developed using the Django framework and evaluated through out-of-distribution (OOD) testing on diverse mango samples collected from public sources. These findings underline the importance of combining visual cues from multiple organs of plants and adapting model attention to contextual features for real-world agricultural diagnostics.

Dual-modality fusion for mango disease classification using dynamic attention based ensemble of leaf & fruit images.

Background and objectives: As microbes are developing resistance to antibiotics, natural, botanical drugs or traditional herbal medicine are presently being studied with an eye of great curiosity and hope. Hence, complementary and alternative treatments for uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) are explored for their efficacy. Therefore, this study determined the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Sesamum indicum Linn seeds with Rosa damascena Mill Oil in uPID with standard control. Additionally, we analyzed the data with machine learning. Materials and methods: We included 60 participants in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized standard-controlled study. Participants in the Sesame and Rose oil group (SR group) (n = 30) received 14 days course of black sesame powder (5 gm) mixed with rose oil (10 mL) per vaginum at bedtime once daily plus placebo capsules orally. The standard group (SC), received doxycycline 100 mg twice and metronidazole 400 mg thrice orally plus placebo per vaginum for the same duration. The primary outcome was a clinical cure at post-intervention for visual analogue scale (VAS) for lower abdominal pain (LAP), and McCormack pain scale (McPS) for abdominal-pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcome included white blood cells (WBC) cells in the vaginal wet mount test, safety profile, and health-related quality of life assessed by SF-12. In addition, we used AdaBoost (AB), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers in this study to analyze the experimental data. Results: The clinical cure for LAP and McPS in the SR vs SC group was 82.85% vs 81.48% and 83.85% vs 81.60% on Day 15 respectively. On Day 15, pus cells less than 10 in the SR vs SC group were 86.6% vs 76.6% respectively. No adverse effects were reported in both groups. The improvement in total SF-12 score on Day 30 for the SR vs SC group was 82.79% vs 80.04% respectively. In addition, our Naive Bayes classifier based on the leave-one-out model achieved the maximum accuracy (68.30%) for the classification of both groups of uPID. Conclusion: We concluded that the SR group is cost-effective, safer, and efficacious for curing uPID. Proposed alternative treatment (test drug) could be a substitute of standard drug used for Female genital tract infections.

Efficacy and classification of Sesamum indicum linn seeds with Rosa damascena mill oil in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease using machine learning.

Environmental burden of fish in healthy and sustainable diets.

Epidemiological studies consistently link higher fish intake with slower rates of cognitive decline and lower dementia incidence. The aim of the present study was to systematically review existing observational studies investigating the association between fish consumption and cognitive function in older adults. A total of 25 studies (8 cross-sectional and 17 prospective including mainly healthy older adults, age range of participants ranging from 18 to 30 years at baseline in prospective studies to 65 to 91 years, representing the upper limit of the age spectrum) were reviewed. Cognitive functions currently investigated in most published studies included various domains, such as global cognition, memory (episodic, working), executive function (planning, inhibition, flexibility), attention and processing speed. Existing studies greatly vary in terms of design (cross-sectional and prospective), geographical area, number of participants involved, and tools used to assess the outcomes of interest. The main findings across studies are not univocal, with some studies reporting stronger evidence of association between fish consumption and various cognitive domains, while others addressed rather null findings. The most consistently responsive domains were processing speed, executive functioning, semantic memory, and global cognitive ability among individuals consuming fish at least weekly, which are highly relevant to both neurodegenerative and vascular forms of cognitive impairment. Positive associations were also observed for verbal memory and general memory, though these were less uniform and often attenuated after multivariable adjustment. In contrast, associations with reaction time, verbal-numerical reasoning, and broad composite scores were inconsistent, and several fully adjusted models showed null results. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that regular fish intake (typically ≥1–2 servings per week) is linked to preserved cognitive performance, although some inconsistent findings require further investigations.

Fish consumption and cognitive function in aging: a systematic review of observational studies.

Flavan-3-ols and Vascular Health: Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms of Action.

Funcionalidad motriz, estado nutricional e índices antropométricos de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes chilenos de 12 a 15 años.

Human‐based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research.

In Vivo Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Properties of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Honey from Southern Spain.

Background/Objectives: The growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and chatbots in health professional education offers innovative methods to enhance learning and clinical preparedness. This study aimed to evaluate the educational impact and perceptions in university students of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, regarding the utility, usability, and design of the E+DIEting_Lab chatbot platform when implemented in clinical nutrition training. Methods: The platform was piloted from December 2023 to April 2025 involving 475 students from multiple European universities. While all 475 students completed the initial survey, 305 finished the follow-up evaluation, representing a 36% attrition rate. Participants completed surveys before and after interacting with the chatbots, assessing prior experience, knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests to compare pre- and post-intervention perceptions. Results: A total of 475 university students completed the initial survey and 305 the final evaluation. Most university students were females (75.4%), with representation from six languages and diverse institutions. Students reported clear perceived learning gains: 79.7% reported updated practical skills in clinical dietetics and communication were updated, 90% felt that new digital tools improved classroom practice, and 73.9% reported enhanced interpersonal skills. Self-rated competence in using chatbots as learning tools increased significantly, with mean knowledge scores rising from 2.32 to 2.66 and skills from 2.39 to 2.79 on a 0–5 Likert scale (p < 0.001 for both). Perceived effectiveness and usefulness of chatbots as self-learning tools remained positive but showed a small decline after use (effectiveness from 3.63 to 3.42; usefulness from 3.63 to 3.45), suggesting that hands-on experience refined, but did not diminish, students’ overall favorable views of the platform. Conclusions: The implementation and pilot evaluation of the E+DIEting_Lab self-learning virtual patient chatbot platform demonstrate that structured digital simulation tools can significantly improve perceived clinical nutrition competences. These findings support chatbot adoption in dietetics curricula and inform future digital education innovations.

Innovative Application of Chatbots in Clinical Nutrition Education: The E+DIEting_Lab Experience in University Students.

Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved?

Lifestyle Factors Associated with Children’s and Adolescents’ Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Living in Mediterranean Countries: The DELICIOUS Project.

Mediterranean Diet and Sleep Features: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that can be found in plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, spices, and beverages, the use of which has been linked to enhanced brain health and cognitive function. These natural molecules are broadly classified into two main groups: flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols, the latter including phenolic acids, stilbenes, and tannins. Flavonoids are primarily known for their potent antioxidant properties, which help neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain, thereby reducing oxidative stress, a key contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to their antioxidant effects, flavonoids have been shown to modulate inflammation, enhance neuronal survival, and support neurogenesis, all of which are critical for maintaining cognitive function. Phenolic acids possess strong antioxidant properties and are believed to protect brain cells from oxidative damage. Neuroprotective effects of these molecules can also depend on their ability to modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Among polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids such as caffeic acid have been shown to enhance blood-brain barrier permeability, which may increase the delivery of other protective compounds to the brain. Another compound of interest is represented by resveratrol, a stilbene extensively studied for its potential neuroprotective properties related to its ability to activate the sirtuin pathway, a molecular signaling pathway involved in cellular stress response and aging. Lignans, on the other hand, have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which could help slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Polyphenols belonging to different subclasses, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans, exert neuroprotective effects by regulating microglial activation, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mitigating oxidative stress. These compounds act through multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2, and they may also influence genetic regulation of inflammation and immune responses at brain level. Despite their potential for brain health and cognitive function, polyphenols are often characterized by low bioavailability, something that deserves attention when considering their therapeutic potential. Future translational studies are needed to better understand the right dosage, the overall diet, the correct target population, as well as ideal formulations allowing to overcome bioavailability limitations.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols: implications for cognitive function.

Nut Consumption Is Associated with Cognitive Status in Southern Italian Adults.

Prickly pear fruits from "Opuntia ficus-indica" varieties as a source of potential bioactive compounds in the Mediterranean diet.

Risk Factors for Eating Disorders in University Students: The RUNEAT Study.

Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

Socio-economic status, food security and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in five Mediterranean countries: the DELICIOUS project.

Systematic Review of Machine Learning applied to the Prediction of Obesity and Overweight.

Over the last decades, the Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health and undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated the role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns on human health all around the world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define the Mediterranean diet? The myriad of dietary scores synthesizes the nutritional content of a Mediterranean-type diet, but a variety of aspects are generally unexplored when studying the adherence to this dietary pattern. Among dietary factors, the main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, olive oil, and cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, such as the following: (i) specific reference to whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering the consumption of legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices often untested when exploring the adherence to the Mediterranean diet; (iii) consumption of eggs and dairy products as common foods consumed in the Mediterranean region (irrespectively of the modern demonization of dietary fat intake). Another main feature of the Mediterranean diet includes (red) wine consumption, but more general patterns of alcohol intake are generally unmeasured, lacking specificity concerning the drinking occasion and intensity (i.e., alcohol drinking during meals). Among other underrated aspects, cooking methods are rather simple and yet extremely varied. Several underrated aspects are related to the quality of food consumed when the Mediterranean diet was first investigated: foods are locally produced, minimally processed, and preserved with more natural methods (i.e., fermentation), strongly connected with the territory with limited and controlled impact on the environment. Dietary habits are also associated with lifestyle behaviors, such as sleeping patterns, and social and cultural values, favoring commensality and frugality. In conclusion, it is rather reductive to consider the Mediterranean diet as just a pattern of food groups to be consumed decontextualized from the social and geographical background of Mediterranean culture. While the methodologies to study the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated to be useful up to date, a more holistic approach should be considered in future studies by considering the aforementioned underrated features and values to be potentially applied globally through the concept of a “Planeterranean” diet.

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet.

The Use of Neuroimaging to Assess Associations Among Diet, Nutrients, Metabolic Syndrome, and Alzheimer’s Disease.

Analisis de factibilidad de la puesta en marcha de un restaurante de especialidades, en el Hodelpa Juan Dolio, San Pedro de Macoris, Rep. Dom.

Aspectos antropométricos, físicos, nutricionales y psicológicos en deportistas federados y escolares.

Avaliação da utilização de pivô central na irrigação do cultivo do arroz no município de Uruguaiana-RS: um estudo de caso.

Desperdicios de producción en el proceso de preparación de canastas agroecológicas del centro de acopio de productos agropecuarios de la compañía de economía mixta AGROAZUAY GPA, en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador.

En el Ecuador el turismo gastronómico constituye una actividad nueva y poco explotada, pero que representaría la forma de poner en contexto la gastronomía autóctona y tradicional como parte esencial de la expresión cultural de los pueblos, además representa el testimonio vivo de los sabores y los saberes que forman parte de la identidad de su gente; razón por la cual deben ser rescatados, conservados y difundidos a la colectividad de tal manera que puedan perdurar en el tiempo. Cabe mencionar que la inclusión de la gastronomía como una modalidad de turismo en el país busca mejorar aspectos socioeconómicos y sociales en sectores que poseen una basta riqueza culinaria, que ha sido poco explotada y difundida. Cotacachi, es uno de los seis cantones de la provincia de Imbabura, rico en cultura, tradiciones, costumbres, recursos turísticos y gastronomía. Sin embargo, aun con todos estos elementos este cantón presenta un bajo desarrollo en la actividad turística, la falta de políticas y productos turísticos retraen el crecimiento turístico de Cotacachi. Es por esta razón que a través de esta investigación se pretende fortalecer la actividad turística en el cantón por medio de la recuperación de la gastronomía tradicional como principal elemento de identidad y testimonio vivo de los pueblos, los sabores y saberes rescatados y difundidos por medio de un producto turístico nuevo, mediante la creación de una ruta gastronómica como una alternativa turística nueva en el catón Cotacachi. Para la ejecución de este trabajo de investigación se realiza entrevistas a los representantes de las diferentes parroquias del cantón Cotacachi, de tal manera se puede determinar la incidencia del turismo gastronómico en el cantón, además se realizó una revisión bibliografía y una observación de campo como herramientas indispensables para la obtención de información necesaria efectiva y real, que permita desarrollar la propuesta plateada como es la creación de la ruta gastronómica que permita no solo rescatar preparaciones ancestrales de cada uno de los diferentes sectores y parroquias sino también difundir y promocionar la gastronomía, los recursos turísticos naturales y culturales, las costumbres y tradiciones como parte importante de la actividad turística del cantón Cotacachi.

El turismo gastronómico como fuente de desarrollo turístico para la ciudad de Cotacachi, Imbabura-Ecuador.

Esta investigación se realizó en la provincia de Santo domingo de los Tsáchilas – Ecuador, en una granja avícola de 8 galpones de pollo de engorde con una capacidad de 320000 pollos. El objetivo principal fue la eliminación de los desechos industriales avícolas puesto que durante la crianza de pollos de engorde se utiliza papel periódico en la recepción de las aves desde su llegada hasta aproximadamente el segundo o tercer día de alojamiento en galpones, el uso de este papel es para suministrar y dar accesibilidad a los pollitos bebe al alimento logrando así desarrollar su potencial desde los primeros días de vida; a partir del segundo o tercer día el papel utilizado en la recepción se transforma en un desecho industrial ya que este se lo retira de los galpones para evitar empastamientos en las camas y posibles lesiones en las patas de las aves. La prueba se realizó comparando 8 galpones de producción de pollos de engorde de los cuales en 4 galpones se retiró el papel generando desechos y 4 galpones se procedió a incorporar el papel al material de cama eliminando los desechos industriales avícolas. Se analizaron variables como la cantidad de desechos generados, los costos que involucran en cada tratamiento y la generación de impacto ambiental a las cuales se realizó un análisis descriptivo debido al interés del tema; por otro lado, para las variables de ambiente, como mediciones de amoniaco y humedad, así como para los parámetros productivos o zootécnicos se realizó un análisis de varianza para medir medias de los tratamientos y observar si existen diferencias significativas. Se obtuvo varios beneficios con el aprovechamiento del papel al incorporarlo al material de cama, el principal no generar contaminación e impacto ambiental, no llenar espacios en vertederos lo cual a la par es un impacto social positivo ya que se dispondría de estos espacios para los desechos de la comunidad, por otro lado los avicultores ahorran en costos como transporte de desechos, pagos en vertederos o municipios, menor mano de obra por actividades como el retiro de papel y se demostró que la incorporación de papel al material de cama no afecta en los resultados zootécnicos o productivos de las aves.

Eliminación de los desechos industriales generados en la avicultura debido a la utilización de papel en la recepción de pollitos BB, mediante la incorporación al material de cama.

Evaluación del riesgo de los medicamentos veterinarios presentes en los alimentos y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria. Estudio de caso: Huevos.

En una planta de producción de cárnicos Int. Food Services Corp., que maneja materia prima en almacenamiento congelado y refrigerado; se han ajustado los procesos de congelación y descongelación, debido a novedades de clientes por desviaciones en la coloración de la carne y hueso. Según (Arteaga & Soto-Salanova, 2009) este fenómeno se conoce como síndrome de hueso negro y afecta en la decisión de adquisición del consumidor.Como parte del ajuste del proceso realizado en Int. Food Services Corp., en el 2020; en congelación se debe alcanzar una temperatura de ≤-18°C y en descongelación se debe emplear agua corrida. Estas variables han sido definidas con base en estudios previos realizados por la propia empresa; no obstante, el impacto del ajuste no ha sido valorado en almacenamiento por hasta 3 meses en el producto final (presas fritas). Por ello, el objetivo general del estudio es determinar la afectación de las características sensoriales en pollo frito en el color del hueso; con materia prima congelada en 0, 45 y 90 días de almacenamiento; para compararlo con el producto elaborado con materia prima refrigerada.Para esto se utiliza el colorímetro Minolta CR-400 como equipo de medición; mismo que (Konica Minolta, 2020) indica valora luminosidad (L*), que es el grado de oscurecimiento o blancura del hueso. Se considera medir en la tibia, debido a que las referencias bibliográficas indican que es la zona en la que mejor apreciación se tiene del defecto (Aingla, 2015). Como parte de la metodología se congela por cada jaba 90 presas, para posterior pasar a la descongelación, con una muestrea de 50 presas en cada tratamiento, y en pollo refrigerado se realiza la medición de luminosidad en 270 presas; en ambos casos se evalúa en pollo crudo y frito.Para la evaluación se ha revisado de manera bibliográfica pautas para valoración de síndrome de hueso negro y según lo reportado por (Mota, y otros, 2019) se emplea la siguiente escala: aceptable los valores superiores a 40L*, de riesgo alto o intermedio de 35 a 40L* e inaceptable los valores inferiores a 35L*. Se emplea para la estadística el programa de Minitab con un análisis varianza de un solo factor ANOVA con un nivel de significancia de 0,05 %, y con la prueba complementaria de Tukey para comparar los diferentes grupos. Los resultados indican que en el caso de hueso fresco el 100 % de las mediciones están sobre el rango de aceptable, pasando al rango intermedio únicamente en el 1 % de la muestra en fritura. Al comparar las medias de hueso crudo almacenado en diferentes tiempos, se determina que al día 90 existe diferencia significativa; pero en hueso frito no existe diferencia. Lo que indica que el tiempo de almacenamiento no impacta en el producto final y así pues en todos los casos las medias son superiores a 40L* (rango aceptable). Entonces, en cuanto a la hipótesis conceptual, se determina que el proceso estandarizado, genera un menor impacto en síndrome de hueso negro debido a que anteriormente los valores en hueso crudo congelado en el rango inferior estaban desde 29L* (coloración inaceptable) y ahora están sobre 40L* (coloración intermedia). Por otra parte, cada tratamiento térmico ha generado merma de luminosidad: en la descongelación de 3,85L* y en la fritura en producto refrigerado de 5.71L* y en hueso congelado de 6.74L*. Si bien el estudio genera un aporte en el control de síndrome de hueso negro, se recomienda generar nuevas evaluaciones conjuntas con el proveedor de materia prima.

Impacto de la estandarización de los procesos de congelación y descongelación, en el comportamiento del color del hueso en pollo de diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento, comparando el efecto con pollo fresco; en una planta que comercializa pollo frito.

Programa de transferencia de embriones bovinos de especialidad cárnica, elaborados a partir de la técnica fertilización in-vitro para pequeños y medianos ganaderos del Departamento del Huila. Dentro la seguridad alimentaria, la proteína roja (carne), es una fuente esencial de la dieta humana; para llegar a ella, los sistemas ganaderos, como ocurre en el departamento del Huila, no están haciendo un manejo equilibrado en la explotación ganadera; que mayoritariamente es de doble propósito, y tan solo un 5% destinada a ceba; generando impactos negativos ambientales y bajos rendimientos en la productividad cárnica, al no utilizar razas especializadas para la producción de carne. Por eso, el objetivo principal de este trabajo consistió en diseñar un programa transferencia de embriones bovinos de especialidad cárnica, elaborados a partir de la técnica Fertilización In-vitro (FIV) para pequeños y medianos ganaderos en el departamento del Huila. Fue necesario reconocer los grupos poblaciones influyentes y dependientes de la actividad ganadera; las razas especializadas de ganado vacuno en la producción de carne, y las técnicas de reproducción bovina. La investigación fue documental tipo meta análisis con énfasis cualitativo descriptivo explicativo. En sus resultados se encontró: déficit de 10.78 kg/persona año, de suministro de carne; el 59% del ganado sacrificado, son hembras, pesan menos que el macho; baja productividad animal y rendimiento cárnico; ciclo ganadero largo entre 37 y 42 meses. Ante esa situación, se diseñó el programa FIVTEBEC-DSH Versión 1-2020, donde se establecieron unas fichas protocolarias para ser desarrolladas en cinco etapas: Selección y compromiso ganaderos de la región; procedimentales para la selección de bovinos; de obtención y clasificación de los embriones; de producción in vitro, y de la transferencia de embriones, empleándose razas especializadas de carne como: Brahman Rojo y Blanco, Simmental y Simbrah 5/8-3/8.

Programa de Transferencia de Embriones Bovinos de Especialidad Cárnica, Elaborados a partir de la Técnica Fertilización In-Vitro para Pequeños y Medianos Ganaderos del Departamento del Huila.

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Documentos donde el Tema es "Materias > Alimentación"

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