Items where Author is "Gracia Villar, Mónica"

Article

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production
University of La Romana > Research > Scientific Production Open English Identifying the emotional state of individuals has useful applications, particularly to reduce the risk of suicide. Users’ thoughts on social media platforms can be used to find cues on the emotional state of individuals. Clinical approaches to suicide ideation detection primarily rely on evaluation by psychologists, medical experts, etc., which is time-consuming and requires medical expertise. Machine learning approaches have shown potential in automating suicide detection. In this regard, this study presents a soft voting ensemble model (SVEM) by leveraging random forest, logistic regression, and stochastic gradient descent classifiers using soft voting. In addition, for the robust training of SVEM, a hybrid feature engineering approach is proposed that combines term frequency-inverse document frequency and the bag of words. For experimental evaluation, “Suicide Watch” and “Depression” subreddits on the Reddit platform are used. Results indicate that the proposed SVEM model achieves an accuracy of 94%, better than existing approaches. The model also shows robust performance concerning precision, recall, and F1, each with a 0.93 score. ERT and deep learning models are also used, and performance comparison with these models indicates better performance of the SVEM model. Gated recurrent unit, long short-term memory, and recurrent neural network have an accuracy of 92% while the convolutional neural network obtains an accuracy of 91%. SVEM’s computational complexity is also low compared to deep learning models. Further, this study highlights the importance of explainability in healthcare applications such as suicidal ideation detection, where the use of LIME provides valuable insights into the contribution of different features. In addition, k-fold cross-validation further validates the performance of the proposed approach. metadata KINA, Erol; Choi, Jin-Ghoo; Ishaq, Abid; Shafique, Rahman; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Silva Alvarado, Eduardo René; Diez, Isabel de la Torre and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.silva@funiber.org, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED (2026) Suicide Ideation Detection Using Social Media Data and Ensemble Machine Learning Model. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems. ISSN 1875-6883

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production
University of La Romana > Research > Scientific Production Open English Introduction: The rapid expansion of generated data through social networks has introduced significant challenges, which underscores the need for advanced methods to analyze and interpret these complex systems. Deep learning has emerged as an effective approach, offering robust capabilities to process large datasets, and uncover intricate relationships and patterns. Methods: In this systematic literature review, we explore research conducted over the past decade, focusing on the use of deep learning techniques for community detection in social networks. A total of 19 studies were carefully selected from reputable databases, including the ACM Library, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, and IEEE Xplore. This review investigates the employed methodologies, evaluates their effectiveness, and discusses the challenges identified in these works. Results: Our review shows that models like graph neural networks (GNNs), autoencoders, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are some of the most commonly used approaches for community detection. It also examines the variety of social networks, datasets, evaluation metrics, and employed frameworks in these studies. Discussion: However, the analysis highlights several challenges, such as scalability, understanding how the models work (interpretability), and the need for solutions that can adapt to different types of networks. These issues stand out as important areas that need further attention and deeper research. This review provides meaningful insights for researchers working in social network analysis. It offers a detailed summary of recent developments, showcases the most impactful deep learning methods, and identifies key challenges that remain to be explored. metadata El-Moussaoui, Mohamed; Hanine, Mohamed; Kartit, Ali; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Garay, Helena and de la Torre Díez, Isabel mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, helena.garay@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED (2025) A systematic review of deep learning methods for community detection in social networks. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 8. ISSN 2624-8212

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production
University of La Romana > Research > Scientific Production Open English Video content on the web platform has increased explosively during the past decade, thanks to the open access to Facebook, YouTube, etc. YouTube is the second-largest social media platform nowadays containing more than 37 million YouTube channels. YouTube revealed at a recent press event that 30,000 new content videos per hour and 720,000 per day are posted. There is a need for an advanced deep learning-based approach to categorize the huge database of YouTube videos. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-based approach to categorize YouTube videos. This study analyzes the textual information related to videos like titles, descriptions, user tags, etc. using YouTube exploratory data analysis (YEDA) and shows that such information can be potentially used to categorize videos. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is designed to categorize YouTube videos with efficiency and high accuracy. In addition, recurrent neural network (RNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are also employed for performance comparison. Moreover, logistic regression, support vector machines, decision trees, and random forest models are also used. A large dataset with 9 classes is used for experiments. Experimental findings indicate that the proposed DCNN achieves the highest receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) score of 99% in the context of YouTube video categorization and 96% accuracy which is better than existing approaches. The proposed approach can be used to help YouTube users suggest relevant videos and sort them by video category. metadata Raza, Ali; Younas, Faizan; Siddiqui, Hafeez Ur Rehman; Rustam, Furqan; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Silva Alvarado, Eduardo René and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.silva@funiber.org, UNSPECIFIED (2024) An improved deep convolutional neural network-based YouTube video classification using textual features. Heliyon, 10 (16). e35812. ISSN 24058440

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production
University of La Romana > Research > Scientific Production Open English Generative intelligence relies heavily on the integration of vision and language. Much of the research has focused on image captioning, which involves describing images with meaningful sentences. Typically, when generating sentences that describe the visual content, a language model and a vision encoder are commonly employed. Because of the incorporation of object areas, properties, multi-modal connections, attentive techniques, and early fusion approaches like bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), these components have experienced substantial advancements over the years. This research offers a reference to the body of literature, identifies emerging trends in an area that blends computer vision as well as natural language processing in order to maximize their complementary effects, and identifies the most significant technological improvements in architectures employed for image captioning. It also discusses various problem variants and open challenges. This comparison allows for an objective assessment of different techniques, architectures, and training strategies by identifying the most significant technical innovations, and offers valuable insights into the current landscape of image captioning research. metadata Jamil, Azhar; Rehman, Saif Ur; Mahmood, Khalid; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Prola, Thomas; Diez, Isabel De La Torre; Samad, Md Abdus and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, thomas.prola@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED (2024) Deep Learning Approaches for Image Captioning: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Potential. IEEE Access. p. 1. ISSN 2169-3536

Article Subjects > Engineering
Subjects > Psychology Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Predicting depression intensity from microblogs and social media posts has numerous benefits and applications, including predicting early psychological disorders and stress in individuals or the general public. A major challenge in predicting depression using social media posts is that the existing studies do not focus on predicting the intensity of depression in social media texts but rather only perform the binary classification of depression and moreover noisy data makes it difficult to predict the true depression in the social media text. This study intends to begin by collecting relevant Tweets and generating a corpus of 210000 public tweets using Twitter public application programming interfaces (APIs). A strategy is devised to filter out only depression-related tweets by creating a list of relevant hashtags to reduce noise in the corpus. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed to annotate the data into three depression classes: ‘Mild,’ ‘Moderate,’ and ‘Severe,’ based on International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) depression diagnostic criteria. Different baseline classifiers are applied to the annotated dataset to get a preliminary idea of classification performance on the corpus. Further FastText-based model is applied and fine-tuned with different preprocessing techniques and hyperparameter tuning to produce the tuned model, which significantly increases the depression classification performance to an 84% F1 score and 90% accuracy compared to baselines. Finally, a FastText-based weighted soft voting ensemble (WSVE) is proposed to boost the model’s performance by combining several other classifiers and assigning weights to individual models according to their individual performances. The proposed WSVE outperformed all baselines as well as FastText alone, with an F1 of 89%, 5% higher than FastText alone, and an accuracy of 93%, 3% higher than FastText alone. The proposed model better captures the contextual features of the relatively small sample class and aids in the detection of early depression intensity prediction from tweets with impactful performances. metadata Rizwan, Muhammad; Mushtaq, Muhammad Faheem; Rafiq, Maryam; Mehmood, Arif; Diez, Isabel de la Torre; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Garay, Helena and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, helena.garay@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED (2024) Depression Intensity Classification from Tweets Using FastText Based Weighted Soft Voting Ensemble. Computers, Materials & Continua, 78 (2). pp. 2047-2066. ISSN 1546-2226

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Requirements specifications written in natural language enable us to understand a program’s intended functionality, which we can then translate into operational software. At varying stages of requirement specification, multiple ambiguities emerge. Ambiguities may appear at several levels including the syntactic, semantic, domain, lexical, and pragmatic levels. The primary objective of this study is to identify requirements’ pragmatic ambiguity. Pragmatic ambiguity occurs when the same set of circumstances can be interpreted in multiple ways. It requires consideration of the context statement of the requirements. Prior research has developed methods for obtaining concepts based on individual nodes, so there is room for improvement in the requirements interpretation procedure. This research aims to develop a more effective model for identifying pragmatic ambiguity in requirement definition. To better interpret requirements, we introduced the Concept Maximum Matching (CMM) technique, which extracts concepts based on edges. The CMM technique significantly improves precision because it permits a more accurate interpretation of requirements based on the relative weight of their edges. Obtaining an F-measure score of 0.754 as opposed to 0.563 in existing models, the evaluation results demonstrate that CMM is a substantial improvement over the previous method. metadata Aslam, Khadija; Iqbal, Faiza; Altaf, Ayesha; Hussain, Naveed; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Diez, Isabel De La Torre and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED (2024) Detecting Pragmatic Ambiguity in Requirement Specification Using Novel Concept Maximum Matching Approach Based on Graph Network. IEEE Access. p. 1. ISSN 2169-3536

Article Subjects > Engineering
Subjects > Communication Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Chatbots are AI-powered programs designed to replicate human conversation. They are capable of performing a wide range of tasks, including answering questions, offering directions, controlling smart home thermostats, and playing music, among other functions. ChatGPT is a popular AI-based chatbot that generates meaningful responses to queries, aiding people in learning. While some individuals support ChatGPT, others view it as a disruptive tool in the field of education. Discussions about this tool can be found across different social media platforms. Analyzing the sentiment of such social media data, which comprises people’s opinions, is crucial for assessing public sentiment regarding the success and shortcomings of such tools. This study performs a sentiment analysis and topic modeling on ChatGPT-based tweets. ChatGPT-based tweets are the author’s extracted tweets from Twitter using ChatGPT hashtags, where users share their reviews and opinions about ChatGPT, providing a reference to the thoughts expressed by users in their tweets. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach is employed to identify the most frequently discussed topics in relation to ChatGPT tweets. For the sentiment analysis, a deep transformer-based Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model with three dense layers of neural networks is proposed. Additionally, machine and deep learning models with fine-tuned parameters are utilized for a comparative analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed BERT model, achieving an accuracy of 96.49%. metadata R, Sudheesh; Mujahid, Muhammad; Rustam, Furqan; Shafique, Rahman; Chunduri, Venkata; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Brito Ballester, Julién; Diez, Isabel de la Torre and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, julien.brito@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED (2023) Analyzing Sentiments Regarding ChatGPT Using Novel BERT: A Machine Learning Approach. Information, 14 (9). p. 474. ISSN 2078-2489

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English The rising popularity of online shopping has led to a steady stream of new product evaluations. Consumers benefit from these evaluations as they make purchasing decisions. Many research projects rank products using these reviews, however, most of these methodologies have ignored negative polarity while evaluating products for client needs. The main contribution of this research is the inclusion of negative polarity in the analysis of product rankings alongside positive polarity. To account for reviews that contain many sentiments and different elements, the suggested method first breaks them down into sentences. This process aids in determining the polarity of products at the phrase level by extracting elements from product evaluations. The next step is to link the polarity to the review’s sentence-level features. Products are prioritized following user needs by assigning relative importance to each of the polarities. The Amazon review dataset has been used in the experimental assessments so that the efficacy of the suggested approach can be estimated. Experimental evaluation of PRUS utilizes rank score ( RS ) and normalized discounted cumulative gain ( nDCG ) score. Results indicate that PRUS gives independence to the user to select recommended list based on specific features with respect to positive or negative aspects of the products. metadata Hussain, Naveed; Mirza, Hamid Turab; Iqbal, Faiza; Altaf, Ayesha; Shoukat, Ahtsham; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rojo Gutiérrez, Marco Antonio and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, marco.rojo@unini.edu.mx, UNSPECIFIED (2023) PRUS: Product Recommender System Based on User Specifications and Customers Reviews. IEEE Access, 11. pp. 81289-81297. ISSN 2169-3536

Article Subjects > Social Sciences Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English The primary objectives of this research article were twofold. Firstly, to categorise a total of 294 individuals who aspired to three distinct competency profiles associated with the supervision of international car sales (SPV). Secondly, to prioritise the criteria used for measurement and assess the level of satisfaction attained following the provision of targeted online training for each respective position. Segmentation was performed using the K-Means algorithm on a Likert scale importance questionnaire. Satisfaction indicators were derived by applying fuzzy set methods to the results of a satisfaction questionnaire, also using a Likert scale. The measurement criteria did not show any clear negative perceptions. The overall satisfaction index was 0.7, which was supported by classic statistics and placed in a high category. Additionally, a variable analysis revealed that candidates from the Euro-Asian region exhibited significantly low levels of satisfaction. However, no significant associations were observed between satisfaction levels and gender, income profile, completed training action, or age groups. The researchers rigorously employed a methodology that included assessing the validity and reliability of the instrument. A review of relevant literature also supported the analysis of the results. These findings suggest that the method could be applied to other multidisciplinary programmes to make informed decisions in the field of training. metadata Brito Ballester, Julién; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel and García Villena, Eduardo mail julien.brito@uneatlantico.es, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.garcia@uneatlantico.es (2023) Use of Fuzzy Approach Methodology and Consensus in Creating a Hierarchy of Satisfaction for Measurement Criteria: Application to Online Training Actions Directed at Classification by Key Competency Profiles in Sales Supervision (SPV) within the Automotive. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29 (2). pp. 223-251.

Article Subjects > Education Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Regulatory dispersion and a utilitarian use of sustainability deepen the gap within the teaching–learning process and limit the introduction of sustainable criteria in organizations through projects. The objective of this research consisted in developing a sustainable and holistic educational proposal for an online postgraduate program belonging to the Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UNEATLANTICO) within the field of projects. The proposal was based on the instrumentalization of a model comprised of national and international bibliographic references, resulting in a sustainability guide with significant improvements in relation to the reference standard par excellence: ISO 26000:2010. This guide formed the basis of a sustainability management plan, which was key in the project methodology and during the development of sustainable objectives and descriptors for each of the subjects. Lastly, the entities, attributes, and cardinal relationships were established for the development of a physical model used to facilitate the management of all this information within a SQL database. The rigor when determining the educational program, as well as the subsequent analysis of results as supported by the literature review, presupposes the application of this methodology toward other multidisciplinary programs contributing to the adoption of good sustainability practices within the educational field metadata Gracia Villar, Mónica; Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo; Brie, Santiago; Miró Vera, Yini Airet and García Villena, Eduardo mail monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, roberto.alvarez@uneatlantico.es, santiago.brie@uneatlantico.es, yini.miro@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.garcia@uneatlantico.es (2023) Integration of Sustainable Criteria in the Development of a Proposal for an Online Postgraduate Program in the Projects Area. Education Sciences, 13 (1). p. 97. ISSN 2227-7102

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important and developing topic of research in the field of pattern recognition. The effective application of facial emotion analysis is gaining popularity in surveillance footage, expression analysis, activity recognition, home automation, computer games, stress treatment, patient observation, depression, psychoanalysis, and robotics. Robot interfaces, emotion-aware smart agent systems, and efficient human–computer interaction all benefit greatly from facial expression recognition. This has garnered attention as a key prospect in recent years. However, due to shortcomings in the presence of occlusions, fluctuations in lighting, and changes in physical appearance, research on emotion recognition has to be improved. This paper proposes a new architecture design of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the FER system and contains five convolution layers, one fully connected layer with rectified linear unit activation function, and a SoftMax layer. Additionally, the feature map enhancement is applied to accomplish a higher detection rate and higher precision. Lastly, an application is developed that mitigates the effects of the aforementioned problems and can identify the basic expressions of human emotions, such as joy, grief, surprise, fear, contempt, anger, etc. Results indicate that the proposed CNN achieves 92.66% accuracy with mixed datasets, while the accuracy for the cross dataset is 94.94%. metadata Qazi, Awais Salman; Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Rustam, Furqan; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, carmen.rodriguez@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED (2022) Emotion Detection Using Facial Expression Involving Occlusions and Tilt. Applied Sciences, 12 (22). p. 11797. ISSN 2076-3417

Article Subjects > Engineering Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Technology’s expansion has contributed to the rise in popularity of social media platforms. Twitter is one of the leading social media platforms that people use to share their opinions. Such opinions, sometimes, may contain threatening text, deliberately or non-deliberately, which can be disturbing for other users. Consequently, the detection of threatening content on social media is an important task. Contrary to high-resource languages like English, Dutch, and others that have several such approaches, the low-resource Urdu language does not have such a luxury. Therefore, this study presents an intelligent threatening language detection for the Urdu language. A stacking model is proposed that uses an extra tree (ET) classifier and Bayes theorem-based Bernoulli Naive Bayes (BNB) as the based learners while logistic regression (LR) is employed as the meta learner. A performance analysis is carried out by deploying a support vector classifier, ET, LR, BNB, fully connected network, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent unit. Experimental results indicate that the stacked model performs better than both machine learning and deep learning models. With 74.01% accuracy, 70.84% precision, 75.65% recall, and 73.99% F1 score, the model outperforms the existing benchmark study. metadata Mehmood, Aneela; Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Naseem, Ansar; Rustam, Furqan; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí and Ashraf, Imran mail UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, carmen.rodriguez@uneatlantico.es, UNSPECIFIED (2022) Threatening URDU Language Detection from Tweets Using Machine Learning. Applied Sciences, 12 (20). p. 10342. ISSN 2076-3417

Article Subjects > Social Sciences Europe University of Atlantic > Research > Scientific Production
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Scientific Production
Ibero-american International University > Research > Articles and Books
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Research > Scientific Production Open English Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place. metadata Catoto Capitango, João Adolfo; Garat de Marin, Mirtha Silvana; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rojo Gutiérrez, Marco Antonio; Gracia Villar, Mónica and Durántez Prados, Frigdiano Álvaro mail UNSPECIFIED, silvana.marin@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, marco.rojo@unini.edu.mx, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, durantez@uneatlantico.es (2022) Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War. Social Sciences, 11 (8). p. 334. ISSN 2076-0760