Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica Abierto Inglés Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place. metadata Catoto Capitango, João Adolfo; Garat de Marin, Mirtha Silvana; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rojo Gutiérrez, Marco Antonio; Gracia Villar, Mónica y Durántez Prados, Frigdiano Álvaro mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, silvana.marin@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, marco.rojo@unini.edu.mx, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, durantez@uneatlantico.es (2022) Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War. Social Sciences, 11 (8). p. 334. ISSN 2076-0760

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URL Oficial: http://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080334

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Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place.

Tipo de Documento:	Artículo
Palabras Clave:	asymmetries; development provinces; object and subject region
Clasificación temática:	Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Divisiones:	Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Artículos y libros Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Depositado:	29 Jul 2022 23:30
Ultima Modificación:	12 Jul 2023 23:30
URI:	https://repositorio.unib.org/id/eprint/3058

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Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War

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